研究发现，大白鲨惧怕虎鲸
Great white sharks are afraid of orcas, study finds
译文简介
正文翻译
Great white sharks are afraid of orcas, study finds
研究发现，大白鲨惧怕虎鲸
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
研究发现，大白鲨惧怕虎鲸
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
By Madeline Farber | Fox News
It appears one of the most fear-inducing predators inthe ocean may have a fear of its own.
作为海洋中最令人恐惧的掠食者之一，可能也有自己的恐惧。
It appears one of the most fear-inducing predators inthe ocean may have a fear of its own.
作为海洋中最令人恐惧的掠食者之一，可能也有自己的恐惧。
A new study led by the Monterey Bay Aquarium and publishedTuesday in Nature found great white sharks leave their“preferred hunting ground” when orcas — also known as killer whales — enter it.In fact, researchers found the sharks won’t return to those areas for roughly ayear — even if the orcas don’t stay that long.
蒙特利湾水族馆领导的一项新研究于本周二在《自然》杂志上发表。该研究发现，当逆戟鲸(又称虎鲸、杀手鲸)进入大白鲨的“首选猎场”时，大白鲨就会离开。事实上，研究人员发现，即使逆戟鲸不待那么久，鲨鱼也要大约一年时间才会回到这些区域。
蒙特利湾水族馆领导的一项新研究于本周二在《自然》杂志上发表。该研究发现，当逆戟鲸(又称虎鲸、杀手鲸)进入大白鲨的“首选猎场”时，大白鲨就会离开。事实上，研究人员发现，即使逆戟鲸不待那么久，鲨鱼也要大约一年时间才会回到这些区域。
To come to this conclusion, researchers “documented fourencounters between the top predators at Southeast Farallon Island in theGreater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary off San Francisco,California,” per the Monterey Bay Aquarium's news release on the findings. The scientists then “analyzedthe interactions using data from 165 white sharks tagged between 2006 and 2013,and compiled 27 years of seal, orca and shark surveys at the Farallones.”
根据蒙特利湾水族馆关于这一发现的新闻稿，为了得出这一结论，研究人员“记录了在加州旧金山附近的大法拉隆国家海洋保护区法拉隆岛东南部海域顶级掠食者之间的四次遭遇”。然后，科学家们“利用2006至2013年间165条被标记大白鲨的数据，并汇集了法拉隆群岛27年的海豹、虎鲸和鲨鱼调查数据，分析了它们之间的相互作用。”
根据蒙特利湾水族馆关于这一发现的新闻稿，为了得出这一结论，研究人员“记录了在加州旧金山附近的大法拉隆国家海洋保护区法拉隆岛东南部海域顶级掠食者之间的四次遭遇”。然后，科学家们“利用2006至2013年间165条被标记大白鲨的数据，并汇集了法拉隆群岛27年的海豹、虎鲸和鲨鱼调查数据，分析了它们之间的相互作用。”
More specifically, researchers determined when both sharksand orcas were present at the Farallon Islands by comparing data from theelectronic shark tags with “field observations of orca sightings.”
更具体地说，研究人员通过比较电子鲨鱼标签上的数据和“虎鲸目视实地观察”，确定了在法拉隆群岛同时出现鲨鱼和虎鲸的时间。
更具体地说，研究人员通过比较电子鲨鱼标签上的数据和“虎鲸目视实地观察”，确定了在法拉隆群岛同时出现鲨鱼和虎鲸的时间。
“This made it possible to demonstrate the outcome on therare instances when the predators encountered each other,” per the study.
这项研究称：“这使得展示罕见的捕食者彼此相遇的后果成为可能。”
这项研究称：“这使得展示罕见的捕食者彼此相遇的后果成为可能。”
The “robust data sources” helped scientists to “conclusivelyshow how white sharks clear out of the area when the orcas show up,” Jim Tietz,a study co-author, said in an online statement.
该研究的合作者吉姆·蒂茨在一份线上声明中表示，这些“可靠的数据来源”帮助科学家“明确了当虎鲸出现时，大白鲨是如何离开该区域的”。
该研究的合作者吉姆·蒂茨在一份线上声明中表示，这些“可靠的数据来源”帮助科学家“明确了当虎鲸出现时，大白鲨是如何离开该区域的”。
The sharks fled the island when the orcas arrived — and didnot return until the following season — in all of the cases studied. Datafrom the electronic tags even showed all the great white sharks left the areajust minutes after orcas arrived. This was true even when the killer whaleswere present for less than an hour.
在所有的研究案例中，鲨鱼都是在虎鲸到达时逃离该岛的，而且直到下一季才会回来。电子标签上的数据甚至显示，所有大白鲨在虎鲸到达后几分钟就离开了这个区域。即使虎鲸只待上不到一个小时，情况也是如此。
在所有的研究案例中，鲨鱼都是在虎鲸到达时逃离该岛的，而且直到下一季才会回来。电子标签上的数据甚至显示，所有大白鲨在虎鲸到达后几分钟就离开了这个区域。即使虎鲸只待上不到一个小时，情况也是如此。
"On average we document around 40 elephant sealpredation events by white sharks at Southeast Farallon Island eachseason," Monterey Bay Aquarium scientist Scot Anderson said in astatement. "After orcas show up, we don't see a single shark and there areno more kills."
蒙特利湾水族馆的科学家斯科特·安德森在一份声明中说:“每一季，我们都会记录下法拉隆岛东南部海域大白鲨对象海豹的捕食事件，平均有约40起。虎鲸出现后，我们再没有看到一条鲨鱼，也没有鲨鱼的捕杀记录了。”
蒙特利湾水族馆的科学家斯科特·安德森在一份声明中说:“每一季，我们都会记录下法拉隆岛东南部海域大白鲨对象海豹的捕食事件，平均有约40起。虎鲸出现后，我们再没有看到一条鲨鱼，也没有鲨鱼的捕杀记录了。”
"These are huge white sharks. Some are over 18 feetlong and they usually rule the roost here," Anderson continued.
“这些是巨大的大白鲨。有些超过18英尺长，它们通常统治着这里的栖息地，”安德森继续说道。
“这些是巨大的大白鲨。有些超过18英尺长，它们通常统治着这里的栖息地，”安德森继续说道。
It's unclear why exactly the sharks leave. Researcherssuspect it could be because the sharks are prey for the orcas, or possiblybecause they are bullied over food and ultimately forced out.
目前还不清楚鲨鱼离开的确切原因。研究人员猜测，这可能是因为鲨鱼是虎鲸的猎物，也可能是因为它们在猎食时受到威胁，最终被迫离开。
目前还不清楚鲨鱼离开的确切原因。研究人员猜测，这可能是因为鲨鱼是虎鲸的猎物，也可能是因为它们在猎食时受到威胁，最终被迫离开。
Sharks hightailing out of the area had an indirect benefitfor elephant seals — which are often the preferred meal of both sharks and killerwhales — in the Farallones. Researchers found there were “four to seven timesfewer predation events on elephant seals in the years white sharks left,” perthe study.
鲨鱼从这一地区被赶走对象海豹有间接的好处，在法拉隆，象海豹通常是鲨鱼和虎鲸的首选食物。研究人员发现，“在大白鲨离开的年份里，对象海豹的捕食事件减少了四到七倍。”
鲨鱼从这一地区被赶走对象海豹有间接的好处，在法拉隆，象海豹通常是鲨鱼和虎鲸的首选食物。研究人员发现，“在大白鲨离开的年份里，对象海豹的捕食事件减少了四到七倍。”
"We don't typically think about how fear and riskaversion might play a role in shaping where large predators hunt and how thatinfluences ocean ecosystems,” added Salvador Jorgensen, the study’s leadauthor. “It turns out these risk effects are very strong even for largepredators like white sharks — strong enough to redirect their hunting activityto less preferred but safer areas."
该研究的第一作者萨尔瓦多·乔根森补充说:“我们通常不会考虑恐惧和风险规避如何影响大型掠食者的捕猎地点，以及对海洋生态系统的影响。事实证明，即使对像大白鲨这样的大型掠食者来说，风险意识也是非常强烈的——强大到足以将它们的捕猎活动转向它们不太喜欢但更安全的地区。”
该研究的第一作者萨尔瓦多·乔根森补充说:“我们通常不会考虑恐惧和风险规避如何影响大型掠食者的捕猎地点，以及对海洋生态系统的影响。事实证明，即使对像大白鲨这样的大型掠食者来说，风险意识也是非常强烈的——强大到足以将它们的捕猎活动转向它们不太喜欢但更安全的地区。”
Jorgensen explained the study is important because it is oneof the few that "demonstrates how food chains are not always linear,"especially in the ocean. Interactions between predators are more difficultto document and analyze due to their infrequency.
乔根森解释说，这项研究很重要，因为它是少数几个“证明食物链并非总是线性的”研究之一，尤其是在海洋中。由于捕食者之间的互动并不频繁，记录和分析它们之间的互动是很困难的。
乔根森解释说，这项研究很重要，因为它是少数几个“证明食物链并非总是线性的”研究之一，尤其是在海洋中。由于捕食者之间的互动并不频繁，记录和分析它们之间的互动是很困难的。
评论翻译
很赞 ( 3 )
收藏
This is old news. There were stories about this phenomenonlast year and there have been video's from a few years back that show Orca pods(hunting groups of about 4 or more) hunting Great Whites for either theirkidney or some other organ. The Orcas take turns going underneath the GreatWhite Sharks and forcing them to the surface and then forcing the sharks toturn on their backs which causes them to lose their equilibrium and makes themeasy to attack. I agree with Choker that the Orcas are at the top of thepyramid when it comes to Ocean dwelling creatures.
这是旧新闻了。去年就有关于这种现象的报道，几年前也有视频显示虎鲸群(大约4只或4只以上组成的捕猎群)捕食大白鲨，以获取它们的肾脏或其他器官。虎鲸轮流从大白鲨下面攻击，迫使大白鲨浮出水面，然后又迫使大白鲨仰面朝天，这使得它们失去了平衡，很容易受到攻击。我同意Choker的观点，虎鲸位于海洋生物金字塔的顶端。
Orcas know that turning a Great White upside down puts themin a trance. There is a video on YouTube of an Orca killing a Great White. Thisis nothing new, it's been known for a very long time. Killer Whales are on topof the Pyramid.
虎鲸知道把大白鲨上下颠倒过来会让它们陷入恍惚状态。YouTube上有一段视频，一只虎鲸杀死了一只大白鲨。这并不是什么新鲜事，它已经为人所知很长时间了。虎鲸在金字塔的顶端。
Size DOES matter......
尺寸大小很重要啊……
Is it "fear", or is it the echo location thatorca's use when they hunt causing havoc with the sharks sensory system?
是“恐惧”，还是虎鲸捕猎时使用的回声定位对鲨鱼的感觉系统造成了破坏?
I'm sure the professional researchers would never havethought of that. Kidding aside, sharks don't run from other whales, dolphins orporpoises which also use echo location. White sharks have a habit of havingtheir livers ripped out and washing up on beaches dead when orcas are around,so I lean toward fear or at least some sense of self preservation.
我相信专业的研究人员绝对想不到这一点。开个玩笑，鲨鱼不会从利用回声定位的其它鲸鱼、海豚或鼠海豚身边逃跑。当虎鲸在附近出现的时候，大白鲨的肝脏会被撕碎，然后被冲上海滩死掉，这对大白鲨来说是很普遍的事。所以我倾向于恐惧，或者至少是某种自我保护的感觉。
The Orca is a highly intelligent animal which could become akilling machine if it so preferred. They swim faster, are more maneuverable,more intelligent, generally longer, and on the average over 4 times as massiveas a Great White Shark. They stun sharks by ramming them, then flip the sharkover causing tonic immobility and it's GAME OVER, without much expense ofenergy to make the kill! Orcas have been known to kill Great Whites, tear themopen and then eat only the shark's liver.
虎鲸是一种非常聪明的动物，如果它愿意的话，可以成为一部屠杀机器。它们游得更快，更灵活，更聪明，体型通常更长，平均体重是大白鲨的4倍多。它们猛撞鲨鱼使其昏迷，然后将鲨鱼翻转过来，使其强直不能行动，然后游戏就结束了，不需要花太大的力气就能杀死大白鲨！虎鲸会杀死大白鲨，把它们撕开，然后只吃鲨鱼的肝脏。
Orcas also hunt in packs. Great Whites are solitary huntersand only gather for mating season.
另外，虎鲸成群狩猎。而大白鲨是单独的猎手，只在交配季节才会聚集。
Orcas already are killing machines. The largest Orcas arenot 4x the size of the largest Great Whites. Not even close. They are not eventwice the size. Not trying to ridicule you, just pointing out some inaccuraciesin your post.
虎鲸已经是屠杀机器了。最大的虎鲸不是最大的大白鲨的4倍大。差得远呢。甚至没有两倍大。不是想挖苦你，只是指出你帖子中的一些错误。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Umm... how much did they spend researching something thathas been common knowledge for untold amount of years? had to be liberals tryingto claim "they" discovered it.
嗯……他们花了多少钱来研究一些已经存在了很久的常识？肯定是自由主义者试图宣称“他们”发现了它。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处