人类会在火星上生活吗?

Dan Bradbury
Do you think humans can really build civilization on Mars?
Can, as in “totally possible within the laws of physics”? Yes, of course. We have the engineering prowess to invent the technology to do so.

你认为人类真的能在火星上建立文明吗？
能够，就像“这在物理定律下是完全可能的吗”？是的，当然。我们有强大的工程技术来发明这样的技术。

Can, as in “right now”? No. As a general rule, if we haven’t done it EVER, then we don’t have the technology. We can send probes (barely, at that). We haven’t sent people. Entire processes and technology would need to be invented to do that. As I mentioned, if we took the limit off the top of spending, then that would make it happen sooner.
Can, as in “will we ever”? I think so. I don’t think we’ll colonize Mars. I think that —based on any obxtive view of history— we become less and less comfortable with perils the more technology we have to remove them.

能够，就像“现在就能做到吗？不能。一般来说，如果我们以前从未做到过，那我们就没有技术。我们可以发送探测器（勉强）。我们还没有送人去火星。要做到这一点，整个流程和技术都需要被发明出来。但正如我所提到的，如果我们不计成本，那么有可能更快实现。
能够，就像“我们将来能做到吗？我认为会。我不认为我们会殖民火星。我之所以认为，是基于对历史的客观看法——随着我们掌握的技术越来越多，我们会越来越不在乎危险——我们越来越有技术消除危险。

To that end, I think that 1000–3000m diameter rotating ships in space with the ability to maneuver out of the way of obxts and the ability to harness energy from the sun will be our future. We may not even be “human” at that point, perhaps rotating will be a worthless thought. If we remain much as we are, then some form of gravity, a large interior space (a few kilometers across) with an internal light source and heavily regulated environment will be the aim.

为此，我认为未来需要直径1000 - 3000米的太空旋转飞船，这些飞船能够避开物体，并能够利用太阳的能量。到那时，我们甚至可能不再是“人类”，旋转可能是一个毫无价值的想法。如果我们保持现状，那么某种形式的重力，一个巨大的内部空间(几公里宽)，内部光源和严格监管的环境将是目标。

Ernest W. Adams
What is the likelihood that humans will eventually live on Mars?
For short periods on a scientific outpost, good.
For their whole lives on a permanent colony, not good. Any population living on Mars will require assistance from Earth indefinitely.
Also it’s a pretty lousy place to live regardless. I don’t think many people are going to want to raise their children in a place where they’ll never see a flower or an animal.

人类最终在火星上居住的可能性有多大？
在科学前哨站呆上一段时间，可能性很大。
要永久性殖民火星，并在火星度过他们的一生，可能性不大。任何生活在火星上的人口将无限期地需要地球的援助。
而且不管怎样，这是一个非常糟糕的地方。我想没有多少人愿意让他们的孩子在一个看不到花或动物的地方长大。

Sebastian Boyd
can we survive on mars?
While it is true Humans cannot survive on Mars without a spacesuit and special equipment, it does not mean we can’t live there.
Mars has all the resources necessary to sustain civilization as we know it. Iron, Carbon, Water Ice, Silicon, and just about every other element needed to support industry on Earth can be found in various forms on Mars. Using these resources, we can manufacture plastics, metals, electronics, with which we can make clothing, habitats, vehicles, computers, solar panels, wire, piping, containers, or anything else we require.

我们能在火星上生存吗？
虽然人类在没有太空服和特殊设备的情况下无法在火星上生存，但这并不意味着我们不能在那里生活。
火星拥有我们所知的维持文明所需的所有资源。铁、碳、水冰、硅以及几乎所有其他支持地球上工业的元素，都可以在火星上以各种形式找到。利用这些资源，我们可以制造塑料、金属、电子产品，用它们我们可以制作衣物、栖息地、车辆、电脑、太阳能板、电线、管道、容器或我们所需的任何其他东西。

In the shorter term, it is possible to produce both Oxygen and rocket fuel (Methalox) on Mars using the well known Sabatier Reaction, which uses hydrogen (Either imported or split from locally mined water ice) and the planet’s plentiful Carbon Dioxide atmosphere to produce Methane and water, which can then be split through electrolysis into Oxygen for breathing and Hydrogen to use as fuel or be fed back into the reactor to make more Methane and water.
As for growing food, tests have been performed growing wheat, beats, carrots, and many other crops in simulated Martian soil with moderate success. However it is known that Martian soil lacks much of the nitrogen that plants need to be healthy. This can in fact be remedied very easily by mixing the soil with specially treated solid waste (yes poo) exactly as is done to fertilize fields on here on earth, as human waste is very high in nitrogen and other things plants need to grow, such as helpful bacteria.

短期内，在火星上使用众所周知的萨巴捷反应（Sabatier反应）可以生产氧气和火箭燃料（甲烷-液氧，Methalox），萨巴捷反应利用氢气(进口或从当地开采的水冰中分离)和地球上丰富的二氧化碳大气产生甲烷和水，然后通过电解分解成供呼吸的氧气和用作燃料的氢气，或者反馈到反应堆中以产生更多的甲烷和水。
至于种植食物，已经在模拟火星土壤中进行了小麦、甜菜、胡萝卜和许多其他作物的试验，并取得了一定的成功。然而，众所周知，火星土壤缺乏植物健康所需的大量氮。事实上，这可以很容易地通过将土壤与经过特殊处理的固体废物(是的，粪便)混合来补救，就像在地球上给田地施肥一样，因为人类粪便中含有很高的氮和植物生长所需的其他物质，比如有益的细菌。

Other commonly cited obstacles to human exploration and settlement of Mars are Radiation, low gravity, and prolonged isolation. However, all of these are solvable problems.
It is my understanding that the radiation received from a three-year round trip to the red planet is sufficient to increase the risk of cancer by about 1%, meaning that if you sent a someone who smokes on such a mission and they gave up the habit in the process they would be reducing their risk of cancer by more than 25%. On the surface radiation can be reduced to terrestrial levels simply by burying the habitats people live in or even putting sandbags on top.
The Gravity issue is the most difficult to answer. Mars’ gravity is about one-third that of Earth’s, and while the effects of zero g’s on the human body are well known to be fairly adverse, we don’t know if the gravity on Mars is enough to avoid these effects, but we also won’t be able to find out unless we go.

人类探索和定居火星的其他常见障碍是辐射、低重力和长期隔离。然而，所有这些问题都是可以解决的。
据我了解，往返火星三年所受的辐射足以使患癌症的风险增加1%左右，这意味着，如果你派一个吸烟的人去执行这样的任务，并在此过程中戒掉这个习惯，他们患癌症的风险将降低25%以上。在地表，只需将人们居住的栖息地埋起来，甚至在顶部放置沙袋，就可以将辐射降低到地球水平。
重力问题是最难回答的。火星的重力大约是地球的三分之一，虽然零重力对人类的不良影响众所周知，我们不知道火星上的重力是否足以避免这些影响，但除非我们上到火星，否则也无法找到答案。

The psychological issues are mostly easily avoidable. being in stressful, high risk situations away from home is something thousands of soldiers go through daily, and the prospect of leaving home and family to explore and settle a dangerous new world is one countless pilgrims, pioneers, and frontiersmen embraced over three hundred years ago.
The question of Mars is no longer how or even why, it is when and who.

心理问题大多是很容易避免的。身处紧张、高风险的环境中远离家乡是成千上万的士兵每天都要经历的事情，而离开家园和家人去探索一个危险的新世界并在那定居的前景是三百多年前无数朝圣者、拓荒者和拓荒者所接受的。
在火星生活的问题不再是如何生活或为什么要去火星生活，而是何时去和谁去的问题。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Michael Laitman
I wrote about the idea of humans moving to Mars in an article I once published in KabNet. I’m posting the article here as it has what I have to say on the topic:
A Vision of Humans on Mars in the Year 2100
This is a story about our journey to Mars.
It’s the year 2100. Over 11 billion people inhabit the planet. Heightened global warming caused the sea to rise over coastal regions and islands, displacing hundreds of millions of people.
Many of them didn’t make it.
Diseases, impoverished conditions, famine and wars caused the deaths of millions more in the process.
Hope seems bleak on planet Earth. But as always the case throughout history, people await, still hopeful for better times.
Testimonials of Mars’ first inhabitants portray it as humanity’s safehaven. In the meantime, on Earth people suffer ecological, economic, social and psychological peril.

我曾在KabNet（一个与卡巴拉教育和研究相关的网站）上发表过一篇关于人类移居火星的想法的文章。我把这篇文章贴在这里，因为它有我对这个话题的看法:
2100年，人类关于火星上的愿景
这是一个关于我们前往火星的旅程的故事。
现在是2100年，这个星球上人口超过110亿。全球变暖加剧导致沿海地区和岛屿海平面上升，数亿人流离失所。
他们中的许多人无法活下来。
在这个过程中因疾病、贫困条件、饥荒和战争导致无数人死亡。
地球上的希望似乎很渺茫。但正如历史上一直以来的情况，人们仍在等待，仍然对更好的时代抱有希望。
火星上第一批居民的证词将其描绘成人类的避风港。与此同时，在地球上，人们遭受着生态、经济、社会和心理上的危险。

Mars’ first cities, breathable air, drinking water, growing crops, thriving infrastructure… Mars looks like humanity’s next step, and millions of people gear up to move their lives to the red planet.
This neo-romantic narrative of tragedy and hope isn’t emerging from novelists or Hollywood directors. It emerged from one of the modern era’s foremost scientists, the late Stephen Hawking:
“I am arguing for the future of humanity and a long-term strategy to achieve this. We have given our planet the disastrous gift of climate change … When we have reached similar crises there has usually been somewhere else to colonize … But there is no new world, no utopia around the corner. … We are running out of space, and the only places to go to are other worlds.” (Source: Vox)
Elon Musk and his SpaceX company also aim to send people to Mars during our lifetime. Even Donald Trump said he wants to send people to Mars during his term/s as President.
I disagree with them all on this issue.
I see a completely different narrative. You could also call it neo-romantic. Yet, whether it’s an epic tale of immense tragedy or euphoric joy depends on the choices humanity will make moving forward.

火星上的第一个城市，可呼吸的空气，饮用水，种植作物，繁荣的基础设施……火星看起来是人类的下一进程，数百万准备将他们的生活搬到这个红色星球上。
这种关于悲剧和希望的新浪漫主义叙事并非出自小说家或好莱坞导演之手。这是现代最重要的科学家之一，已故的斯蒂芬·霍金提出的:
“我主张人类的未来和实现这一目标的长期战略。我们把气候变化这个灾难性的礼物送给了地球……当我们遇到类似的危机时，通常会有其他地方进行殖民……但是没有新世界，没有乌托邦。我们的空间快用完了，唯一能去的地方就是其他星球了。(来源:Vox)
埃隆·马斯克和他的SpaceX公司也计划在我们的有生之年将人类送上火星。就连唐纳德·特朗普也表示，他想在总统任期内把人送上火星。
在这个问题上我不同意他们所有人的看法。
我看到了完全不同的叙述。你也可以称之为新浪漫主义。然而，无论是巨大的悲剧还是欣喜若狂的喜悦，都取决于人类未来所做的选择。

The Next 100 Years: Other Dimensions Version
This story is not about sending humans to Mars… but to other dimensions.
It’s the year 2100. Over 11 billion people inhabit the planet.
11 billion people… but they feel as one.

下一个100年:其他维度版本
这个故事不是要把人类送上火星，而是要把人类送上其他维度。
现在是2100年，超过110亿人居住在地球上。
110亿人，但他们感觉自己是一个整体。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

The various crises of the past century thrust people to their knees. Desperate and helpless in the face of entangling economic, ecological, social and psychological mess, more and more people asked where their life was headed, why was there so much suffering, and what was the meaning of their lives.
Many people became lost, drowning these questions in drugs, entertainment and extremism. However, many people woke up to a great revelation, finding new answers to the questions.
These people learned wisdom, becoming more aware of themselves and their environment.
They created and joined groups to implement what they learned.
They experienced new elated sensations—states of unity.
They shared their experiences with others.
People learned that they didn’t need to look outside themselves, to other planets. They learned that the cause of their problems was in their attitude, covertly growing more and more egoistic, i.e. wishing to enjoy at the expense of others. Moreover, they learned that the solution to their problems was to fix this egoistic attitude.

过去一个世纪的各种危机使人们跪倒在地。面对纷繁复杂的经济、生态、社会和心理问题，越来越多的人感到绝望和无助，他们问自己的生活将走向何方，为什么会有这么多的痛苦，他们生活的意义是什么。
许多人迷失了方向，把这些问题淹没在毒品、娱乐和极端主义中。然而，许多人幡然醒悟，发现了一个伟大的启示，找到了新的答案。
这些人学会了智慧，变得更加了解自己和周围的环境。
他们创建并加入了团体来实施他们所学到的东西。
他们经历了一种新的兴奋的感觉——团结的状态。
他们与他人分享了他们的经验。
人们认识到，他们不需要把目光投向自己以外的星球。他们了解到问题的根源在于他们的态度，暗中变得越来越自私，即希望以牺牲他人为代价来享受。此外，他们了解到解决问题的办法是纠正这种自私的态度。

To work on fixing this attitude, more and more people gathered in groups. Routine group learning in workplaces, schools, kindergartens, retirement homes, and on TVs and the Internet for people at home, developed a new elevated sense of mutual understanding and support as they started feeling an omnipresent field of existence outside the ego.
Their newly discovered connections made them feel revitalized enjoyment, happiness and motivation: to help each other experience that most perfect feeling stemming from human connection. The regular learning, exercises and workshops to improve human relations gradually gave birth to a new attitude: a natural urge to care for one another.

为了改变这种态度，越来越多的人聚集在一起。在工作场所、学校、幼儿园、养老院、家里的电视和互联网上进行的常规小组学习，当他们开始感受到自我之外无所不在的存在时，发展了一种新的、更高层次的相互理解和支持感
他们新发现的联系使他们感到重新焕发活力的享受、幸福和动力:帮助彼此体验源于人际关系的最完美的感觉。通过定期的学习、练习和研讨会来改善人际关系，逐渐产生了一种新的态度:一种相互关心的自然冲动。

Moreover, they discovered in this new attitude to each other, the solution to all of life’s problems.
This sublime revelation rendered the prospect of inhabiting other planets irrelevant. Our entire corporeal existence—food, sex, family, money, honor, control, knowledge—together with vast untouched territories on the moon and on Mars, all became insignificantly small compared to the exalted dimension of mutual thought, desire and consciousness we accessed.
This is just a small peek into a could-be future if we would start shifting our life’s focus.
Why do Today’s Problems and Outlooks on the Future Seem So Daunting?
It’s because we look at them from our narrow, egoistic perspective.

而且，他们在这种对待彼此的新态度中发现了解决生活中所有问题的办法。
这一崇高的发现使得居住在其他星球的前景变得无关紧要。我们整个物质存在——食物、性、家庭、金钱、荣誉、控制、知识——以及月球和火星上广阔的未触及的领土，与我们接触到的崇高的思想、愿望和意识维度相比，都变得微不足道。
如果我们开始转移生活的焦点，这只是对我们未来可能的一瞥。
为什么今天的问题和对未来的展望看起来如此令人生畏？
这是因为我们从狭隘、自私的角度看待它们。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

But research and residence are two completely different things.
If we only pursue technological progress, which includes the move to other planets, without working on improving the human element—our connection to each other—then that progress will eventually become distorted and turn into a crisis, similar to what we are experiencing today on a smaller scale. Therefore, we need to acknowledge the need to work on human relations; then, the technologies we develop will work to our advantage and could even facilitate positive human connections. Our problems today stem from a lack of awareness about the system, and our unique role in the system.
In addition, there are fields of influence throughout our planet and its atmosphere that most people don’t understand. They, however, are an integral part of our existence and development as humans. It would be interesting to see whether on Mars a woman could undergo a natural birth process, and whether her child would grow up as a normal, healthy human being. However, I wouldn’t wish that experiment on anyone!

但研究和居住是两件完全不同的事情。
如果我们只追求技术进步，包括搬到其他星球，而不努力改善人的因素——我们彼此之间的联系——那么这种进步最终会被扭曲，变成一场危机，就像我们今天在较小规模上所经历的那样。因此，我们需要认识到需要努力改善人际关系；然后，我们开发的技术将对我们有利，甚至可能促进积极的人际联系。我们今天的问题源于缺乏对这个系统的认识，以及我们在这个系统中所扮演的独特角色。
此外，在我们的星球和大气中，有许多影响领域是大多数人不了解的。然而，它们是我们作为人类生存和发展的一个组成部分。例如，在火星上，一个女人能否经历自然的分娩过程，以及她的孩子能否成长为一个正常、健康的人，这将是一件有趣的事情。然而，我不希望任何人做这样的实验!

Yet, whether or not we could develop naturally on other planets isn’t the core issue. The core issue is that we don’t need to look to other planets; we need only look at our connection to each other. By working on fixing human connections, we would develop a whole new approach to life—sharper senses, emotions and thoughts—and penetrate into a whole new dimension.
I disagree with the vision quoted above by the late Stephen Hawking.
We don’t need to populate Mars.
Nature gave us everything we need, and we can enjoy it all… on one condition: that we rise above our inborn, inflating egos, and discover the beauty of living in perfect unity.

然而，我们能否在其他星球上自然发展并不是核心问题。核心问题是，我们不需要去寻找其他星球;我们只需要看看我们彼此之间的联系。通过修复人与人之间的联系，我们将发展一种全新的生活方式——更敏锐的感官、情感和思想——并渗透到一个全新的维度。
我不同意已故的斯蒂芬·霍金所引用的愿景。
我们不需要殖民火星。
大自然给了我们所需要的一切，我们可以享受这一切，但有一个条件:我们得超越与生俱来的、膨胀的自我，发现生活在完美统一中的美好。